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Video Tapes 1-6

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Tape #1

Statistical Significance

• alpha level
• n size

Normal Curve

• mean and standard deviation -- probability of scores
• tests of significance -- probability of scores

One Tail and Two Tail Tests

• directional and nondirectional hypotheses
• power

Type I and Type II Error

• alpha error and beta error
• fail to reject Ho
• probability of making error
• ways to decrease error -- n size and power

Tests of Significance

• formulas for z, t, x² F
• what tests of significance are conceptually

Degrees of Freedom

• table for t
• df as relates to power and n

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Tape #2

Correlation

• correlation coefficient
• magnitude of relationship
• positive and negative relationships
• proportion of variance accounted for
• significance
• r
• rho
• eta

Reliability

Validity

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Tape #3

Factorial Design and Analysis of Variance

Terms

• systematic variance
• between group (experimental) variance
• Error variance (within)
• tests of significance
• null hypothesis

Factorial Design

• (one way ANOVA - Analysis of Variance)
• 2 x 2 ANOVA design
• 2 x 3 ANOVA
• 2 x 3 x 2 ANOVA

Source Table

• for df, SS, MS, and F
• between - and within-group variability

Significance

• p < alpha -- significance -- reject Ho
• p > alpha -- nonsignificance -- fail to reject Ho
• If calculated F is larger than tabled F we have significance

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Tape #4

Interaction

• ordinal and disordinal
• main effects and simple effects

Purpose of Research Design

Ways of Controlling Extraneous Variables

• eliminate variable
• add factor
• matching
• randomization
• statistical control

Unit of Analysis

Minimum Criterion for Internal Validity

Expost facto Research

• without hypotheses
• with hypotheses
• with hypotheses and testing alternate hypotheses

Internal and External Validity

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Tape #5

Research Design

• internal and external validity
• factors jeopardizing internal validity
• factors jeopardizing external validity
• definition of symbols
• pre-experimental designs
• importance of replications
• true experimental designs
• solomon 4-group design
• diagramming factorial designs in Campbell & Stanley symbols

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Tape #6

How to Diagram Factorial Design

• Stanley and Campbell¼s design #6

Pre-, Quasi-, and True Experimental Design

• validity

Characteristics of Quasi-Experimental Design

• purpose of checklist
• importance of multiple observations
• behavior or modification designs
• time perils
• Latin square design
• patched-up design

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