Name_______________________________

All answers should be constructed in narrative, paragraph form (a paragraph consists of more than 1 or 2 sentences).
Quality of answer is very important.  3 points each.

1. Explain the difference between the terms sex difference and gender difference as discussed in the textbook.

2. What does it mean for a teenager to have an androgynous gender role orientation?

3. Explain the differences between assimilation, aculturation, and cultural pluralism as discussed in the text and in class.

4. Explain the idea behind gender as an achieved status.

5. Adolescence is explained from a biological point of view by describing the process of _________________.
Briefly explain the process.
 

6. Adolescence is explained from a psychological point of view by describing the individual's completion
of ________________________________.  Briefly explain the process.

7. Adolescence is explained from a sociological point of view by describing the individual's __________________.
Briefly explain the process.

8. Explain the term "developmental task" - why is the term important for the study of adolescence.
 

9. Suppose a teenager wants to go on a date, but her parents tell her she is too young. In response, she sulks in her room and refuses to talk for hours. Explain this situation from each of the models below:

-environmental model:

-organismic model:

-psychoanalytic model:

10. ______________________ is the process, says Piaget, by which  individual's fit new information into their present way of  understanding.  Explain what Piaget is referring to in this process.

11. Erikson's life stages reflect an assumption known as the __________________________ principle.
Explain the principle in terms of age appropriate development.

12. Freud's developmental theory is a "psychosexual" theory while Erikson's is a _____________________ theory.
What does Erikson mean by this term.

13. Write a short paragraph that explains how Skinner's Behavioral Theory, Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory, and Erikson's developmental stages are NOT in competition with each other as explanations of adolescent development, but actually cooperate to explain adolescent development.  You will have to compare the theory's yourself but you can refer to class notes.

14. What is the value of Piaget's theory of cognitive development according to the textbook?

15. The __________________ consists of glands within the body that   produce hormones, and structures in the central nervous system that regulate their activity.  How does it work?

16. The ____________ are the sex glands; for females they are called   _____________ and _____________ for males.
What is the physical effect of maturing sex glands?

17. Male/female differences in the reproductive system itself are  called ______________ _____ ____________________,
while male/female differences in outward appearance of the body are called _____________ _____ _________________.
(three word phrase describing physical differences between the sexes) - describe the differences.

18. The term for a girl's first menstrual cycle is called ___________   and the counterpart for males is ________________________. What is this describing for boys.

19. The sex hormones called __________________ contribute to the maturity of testicles in males,
whereas ovaries in females are most sensitive to _________________. What effects other than reproductive maturity occur because of male sex hormones?

20. (10 Pts.). Body image is something teenagers are very concerned about. Try to explain an eating disorder such as anorexia from the point of view of the:

-environmental model-
-organismic model-
 

21. Adolescents generally think in ___________________ operational  terms which begins by age 11.
Describe the level of thought and reason during this period of development.

22. Three characteristics of adolescent thought are
1) being able to   think_________________________, _____________________________ and
    _____________________________.  Examples of each.

23. Preoperational thought lasts from about ____ to ____ years of age,  and is characterized by _____________________, __________________ & __________________.  Compare preoperational to concrete operational thought.

24. What is intelligence, according to the textbook?

25. The textbook indicates that intelligence fluctuates as one gets older. Do you think this is a function of real intelligence or of faulty I.Q. tests? Base your answer on the text and readings.
 

27. A loss in perspective that leads adolescents to believe that they   are the objects of other people's attention is known as the _________________ ___________________. Explain this phenomenon.

28. A ______________ ____________ is the feeling adolescents have that  they are special and that what happens to others
    will not happen to them. What are the dangers of this feeling?

29. ____________________ reflects an inability to consider several   perspectives on a situation at once.
     Give an example.

30.  ___________________ is the ability to put yourself in the "place"  of another and to understand his/her feelings and thoughts. Give an example of an adolescent demonstrating this ability.

Anwers below are worth 1 point each.

1.Which of the following is NOT an example of sex differences?
a. differences in the reproductive systems of males and females.
 b. differences in males and females personality traits.
c. differences in average height between males and females
d. differences in body proprotions of males and females

2. Gender stereotypes are:
a. biologically based differences between the genders.
 b. beliefs most people hold concerning what is "typical".
c. not affected by differences in cultures.
d. usually more true than false.

3. The ability to express both feminine and masculine qualities is:
a. gender differences  b. cultural assimilation
 c. androgyny   d. acculturation

4. The process by which a person of minority status adopts only enough of the language, folkways, religion, and standards of dress of the dominant culture to survive is called:
 a. acculturation  b. cultural assimilation
c. cultural pluralism  d. dimorphism

5. The process that literally transforms children into sexually and physically mature adults is called.
a. androgyny   b. puberty
c. assimilation   d. gender differentiation

6. Which of the following is NOT considered a developmental task of adolescence?
a. accepting one's physique and using the body effectively
 b. achieving financial independence from parents
c. preparing for marriage and family life in a general way
d. desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior

7. What laws were instituted in the late 1800s to ensure basic skills among future workers and protect jobs of adults in the work force?
 a. compulsory education laws b. child labor laws
b. child abuse laws   d. anti-drug laws

8. The scientist who developed the operant (respondent) conditioning model was:
a. Freud     b. Pavlov
c. Piaget     d. Skinner
            p-2
9. Which scientist argued that the development of thought occurs over several discontinuous stages, and that as we age, we change the ways we organize our experiences?
a. Freud    b. Pavlov
c. Piaget    d. Skinner

10. The organismic model describes perception as:
a. a passive copy of reality
 b. an active, constructive process
c. determined solely by environmental events
d. determined solely by our biological nature